Moon Welfare Foundation

Instruction Codes While a  Program , as we all know, is, A set of instructions that specify the operations, operands, and the sequence by which processing has to occur. An  instruction code  is a group of bits that tells the computer to perform a specific operation part. Operands  are the objects that are manipulated and operators are the symbols that represent specific actions. For example, in the expression. 5 + x. x and 5 are  operands  and + is an operator. All expressions have at least one  operand . Instruction Code: Operation Code The operation code of an instruction is a group of bits that define operations such as add, subtract, multiply, shift and compliment. The number of bits required for the operation code depends upon the total number of operations available on the computer. The operation code must consist of at least  n bits  for a given  2^n  operations. The operation part of an instruction code specifies the operation to be performed. Instruction Code:

Registers in Computer Architecture Register is a very fast computer memory, used to store data/instruction in-execution. A  Register  is a group of flip-flops with each flip-flop capable of storing  one bit  of information. An  n-bit register has a group of  n flip-flops  and is capable of storing binary information of  n-bits . A register consists of a group of flip-flops and gates. The flip-flops hold the binary information and gates control when and how new information is transferred into a register. Various types of registers are available commercially. The simplest register is one that consists of only flip-flops with no external gates. These days registers are also implemented as a register file. Loading the Registers The transfer of new information into a register is referred to as loading the register. If all the bits of register are loaded simultaneously with a common clock pulse than the loading is said to be done in parallel. Register Transfer Language Th

When we type some letters or words, the computer translates them in numbers as computers can understand only numbers. A computer can understand the positional number system where there are only a few symbols called digits and these symbols represent different values depending on the position they occupy in the number. The value of each digit in a number can be determined using − ·         The digit ·         The position of the digit in the number ·         The base of the number system (where the base is defined as the total number of digits available in the number system) Decimal Number System The number system that we use in our day-to-day life is the decimal number system. Decimal number system has base 10 as it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9. In decimal number system, the successive positions to the left of the decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on. Each position represents a specific power of the base (10). For example, the decimal numbe